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O-Level E-Math · 2023 · P1 Q8 Dispersion / Central tendency · Cumulative frequency curve (median 6 marks: (a) 1 + 2, (b) 1, (c) 1 + 1 · statistics (cumulative frequency, mean, s.d.) difficulty 3 of 5

O-Level E-Math 2023 Paper 1, Question 8: Cumulative frequency curve (median

The answer

(a)(i) median \(\approx 115\) cm
(ii) IQR \(\approx 20\) cm
(b) \(h \approx 121\) cm
(c)(i) \(115.75\) cm
(ii) \(12.1\) cm

O-Level E-Math 2023 Paper 1 Question 8 · Verified worked solution by the Genius Plus Academy teaching team

What this question tests

This is Question 8 of the O-Level E-Math 2023 Paper 1. It tests cumulative frequency curve (median, in the Dispersion / Central tendency area. It is worth 6 marks: (a) 1 + 2, (b) 1, (c) 1 + 1. It is a worded / diagram-based question, so open your Ten-Year Series (TYS) or the official paper at this question, then follow our full worked solution below.

Step-by-step solution

The cumulative frequencies at \(100, 110, 120, 130, 140\) are \(3, 16, 24, 34, 40\).

(a)(i) Median \(=\) value at \(\mathrm{CF} = 20\). Reading the curve at \(\mathrm{CF}=20\) gives \(\approx 115\) cm.

(ii) Lower quartile at \(\mathrm{CF} = 10\): \(\approx 106\) cm; upper quartile at \(\mathrm{CF} = 30\): \(\approx 126\) cm. IQR \(\approx 126 - 106 = 20\) cm. *(The annotated key reads \(\approx 19\) cm; both are acceptable graph estimates.)*

(b) "Only 15 allowed" means 15 children have height \(\geqslant h\), so \(40 - 15 = 25\) have height \(< h\). Reading the curve at \(\mathrm{CF} = 25\) gives \(h \approx 121\) cm. *(The annotated key reads \(122\) cm, within graph tolerance.)*

(c)(i) Using midpoints \(95, 105, 115, 125, 135\): mean \(= \dfrac{3(95) + 13(105) + 8(115) + 10(125) + 6(135)}{40} = \dfrac{4630}{40} = 115.75\) cm.

(ii) \(\text{s.d.} = \sqrt{\dfrac{\sum f x^2}{40} - \bar{x}^2} = \sqrt{\dfrac{541\,800}{40} - 115.75^2} = \sqrt{13\,545 - 13\,398.06} = \sqrt{146.94} = 12.1\) cm (3 s.f.).

Answer: (a)(i) median \(\approx 115\) cm
(ii) IQR \(\approx 20\) cm
(b) \(h \approx 121\) cm
(c)(i) \(115.75\) cm
(ii) \(12.1\) cm

Same structure, different numbers

A question is hard because of its structure, not its surface.

Swap the constants, dress a quadratic as a length, hide a derivative inside an integral, and a student sees a brand new problem. The structure underneath is the same, and so is the method. Once a student can name the structure, a whole row of questions that look different start to open the same way.

That is where marks really leak: in choosing the method, not in the algebra that follows. We call it Lock and Key, name the lock, then the key follows.

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Our O-Level E-Math tuition trains the same recognise-the-structure method these worked solutions show, taught by a team that has marked these papers for years. It runs within our weekly Secondary Math programme, Sec 1 to 4 and IP.

Questions students ask

What does O-Level E-Math 2023 Paper 1 Question 8 test?

It is a cumulative frequency curve (median question from Dispersion / Central tendency, worth 6 marks: (a) 1 + 2, (b) 1, (c) 1 + 1.

Is this the same as IP Math?

Yes. IP (Integrated Programme) schools teach the same O-Level Mathematics content; they just sequence it differently and set their own internal exams, so these worked solutions apply to IP students too.

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